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Although kin selection is commonly regarded as a major force in the evolution and maintenance of social behaviour in eusocial insects, recent controversy regarding whether honey bee (Apis mellifera L., 1758) workers can discrimina...
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Although kin selection is commonly regarded as a major force in the evolution and maintenance of social behaviour in eusocial insects, recent controversy regarding whether honey bee (Apis mellifera L., 1758) workers can discriminate close kin from more distant relatives casts doubt on the extent to which cooperation among individuals within honey bee colonies is controlled by genetic relatedness. We contrasted brood and honey production in colonies where we diluted worker relatedness with those elements of productivity in colonies where relatedness was unmanipulated. Relatedness manipulation did not affect overall brood production, worker or drone brood production, the worker to drone brood sex ratio, or the volume of honey produced. Thus, there is no evidence that honey bees discriminate close from distant relatives or, more importantly, that dilution of the coefficient of relatedness within a colony has any impact on the efficiency of that colony.
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This paper reports for the first time on the reproduction of small hive beetles (Aethina tumida) in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies without any signs of damage, in the USA (Maryland and Florida). It is recommended that beekeep...
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This paper reports for the first time on the reproduction of small hive beetles (Aethina tumida) in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies without any signs of damage, in the USA (Maryland and Florida). It is recommended that beekeepers allow worker bees access to all parts of the hive and minimize debris on the bottom boards..
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This study aims to investigate the physicochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and mineral contents of honey from selected honey bee species namely Kelulut, Tualang, and Acacia honey. The findings show that Kelulut honey is sup...
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This study aims to investigate the physicochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and mineral contents of honey from selected honey bee species namely Kelulut, Tualang, and Acacia honey. The findings show that Kelulut honey is superior due to its high antioxidant and total acidity, low pH, and high colour intensity. The total phenolic content of Kelulut, Tualang and Acacia honey varied between 12.15 and 26.45 mu g GAE/kg, and FRAP value for Kelulut, Tualang, and Acacia honey ranged between 49.54 and 139.47 mu g Fe (II) per kilogram. The total mineral contents founded in all honey samples ranging from 545.76 to 570.66 mg/kg, with potassium, sodium, and calcium being the most abundant elements.
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摘要 :
This study aims to investigate the physicochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and mineral contents of honey from selected honey bee species namely Kelulut, Tualang, and Acacia honey. The findings show that Kelulut honey is sup...
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This study aims to investigate the physicochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and mineral contents of honey from selected honey bee species namely Kelulut, Tualang, and Acacia honey. The findings show that Kelulut honey is superior due to its high antioxidant and total acidity, low pH, and high colour intensity. The total phenolic content of Kelulut, Tualang and Acacia honey varied between 12.15 and 26.45?μg GAE/kg, and FRAP value for Kelulut, Tualang, and Acacia honey ranged between 49.54 and 139.47?μg Fe (II) per kilogram. The total mineral contents founded in all honey samples ranging from 545.76 to 570.66?mg/kg, with potassium, sodium, and calcium being the most abundant elements.
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A total of 627 periodic mass flights (PMFs) were observed during 10 successive days from 26 colonies of A. dorsata at a polytechnic building site (from 3 to 12 March) and 82 colonies at a banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis) site (fro...
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A total of 627 periodic mass flights (PMFs) were observed during 10 successive days from 26 colonies of A. dorsata at a polytechnic building site (from 3 to 12 March) and 82 colonies at a banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis) site (from 4 to 13 March) at the Agricultural University (15 km away from the first site), in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. PMF activities performed by particular A. dorsata populations were similar in successive days at a particular site. However, at the polytechnic site, where favourable environmental conditions prevailed, 84.3% of the colonies performed 2.3 PMFs per colony per day, while at the banyan tree site, with less favourable conditions, only 11.3% of the colonies performed 0.11 flights. We suggest that PMF activities depend in part upon the amount of unsealed brood. Individual colonies performed 0-5 PMFs in successive days. Low numbers of 1-2 PMF per day were preceded by high numbers of 4-5 flights the following day. Similarly, PMFs of low intensity were followed by flights of high intensity. However, two- or three-day cycles of similar activities were also observed. Surprisingly, no correlation was found between the sizes of the combs and the number and intensity of PMFs. We explain this by the fact that a similar amount of unsealed brood was present in combs of different sizes..
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This paper studies the biology of A. dorsata in the Melaleuca forest of Vietnam. The width of 158 A. dorsata combs was from 43-162 cm, and the height from 23-90 cm. About 3-4 weeks after nesting, a colony could store 4.1 2.6 kg of...
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This paper studies the biology of A. dorsata in the Melaleuca forest of Vietnam. The width of 158 A. dorsata combs was from 43-162 cm, and the height from 23-90 cm. About 3-4 weeks after nesting, a colony could store 4.1 2.6 kg of honey. The thickness of the worker brood comb was 3.3 cm and of the drone was 3.7 cm, but that of the honey comb was possibly 19.0 cm. The width of 10 continuous drone cells (58.1+or-1.4 cm, n=90) is significantly larger than that of worker cells (55.7+or-1.7, n=330). The depth of drone cells was 19.0+or-0.4 mm (n=90) and of worker cells was 17.4+or-1.5 mm (n=225). The weights of the newly emerged worker, drone and queen bees were 159.9+or-15.5 mg (n=30), 168.5+or-10.4 mg (n=30), and 272.0+or-40.1 mg (n=9), respectively. Development time from egg to adult was 19.7+or-0.1 days (n=30) for workers, 23.7 days for drones, and 16.5 days for queen bees. When a colony reached 121 cm x 57 cm in size, it built 9.7+or-2.4 (n=32 nests) natural queen cells. The volume of a queen cell was 1.300+or-0.159 mL (n=28)..
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Individually-labelled freshly emerged honeybee workers (A. mellifera) from three unrelated source colonies were introduced into five host colonies. The location of the workers during their first eight days of life was monitored. W...
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Individually-labelled freshly emerged honeybee workers (A. mellifera) from three unrelated source colonies were introduced into five host colonies. The location of the workers during their first eight days of life was monitored. Workers from the same source colony tended to be found more often in the same area of the comb than workers from a different source colony. Although kin recognition among workers cannot be ruled out as a possible mechanism for this pattern, the results can be more readily explained by phenomena related to self-organized pattern formation, individual behavioural threshold variability and genetically determined worker task specialization.
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Bee colonies reproduce by colony division during swarming. In colonies infested by the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, colony division will at the same time split the mite population between the swarms and the remaining parent ...
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Bee colonies reproduce by colony division during swarming. In colonies infested by the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, colony division will at the same time split the mite population between the swarms and the remaining parent colonies. The present investigation compares infestation of swarms with that of parent colonies. We found that an average of 25+or-9% of mites left the colonies with natural swarms, while 75+or-9% remained in parent colonies of which 39+or-11% were on bees and 36+or-10% were within sealed brood cells. The relative swarm infestation did not differ from that of the remaining parent colony in this study, but very low proportions of mites within sealed worker brood and a clear negative correlation to the proportion of mites in sealed brood strongly suggest that swarm infestation is asymmetric and lower than that of the remaining colonies..
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Honey is the source of energy for the European honey bee, Apis mellifera . Beyond simple nutrition and a hedge against the seasonal, geographic, and chemical unpredictability of nectar, honey has properties that protect the hive a...
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Honey is the source of energy for the European honey bee, Apis mellifera . Beyond simple nutrition and a hedge against the seasonal, geographic, and chemical unpredictability of nectar, honey has properties that protect the hive against various stresses. Enzyme-mediated detoxification during honey ripening neutralizes potentially toxic phytochemicals, and bees that consume honey have enhanced tolerance to other ingested toxins. Catalase and antioxidant phenolics protect honey bees from oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species, promoting their longevity. Phytochemical components of honey and microRNAs have the potential to influence developmental pathways, with diet playing a large role in honey bee caste determination. Components of honey mediate stress response and promote cold tolerance during overwintering. Honey has a suite of antimicrobial mechanisms including osmotic pressure, low water activity, low pH, hydrogen peroxide, and plant-, honey bee-, and microbiota-derived compounds such as phytochemicals and antimicrobial peptides. Certain types of honey, particularly polyfloral honeys, have been shown to inhibit important honey bee pathogens including the bacteria responsible for American and European Foulbrood, the microsporidian Nosema ceranae , and the fungi responsible for Stonebrood. Understanding the diverse functional properties of honey has far-ranging implications for honey bee and hive health and management by beekeepers.
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